Pop-up promotions experienced a remarkable surge in the late 1990s and early 2000s, initially offering a seemingly simple way for companies to reach a large audience. Driven by their instant visibility, these intrusive boxes became ubiquitous across the internet , generating substantial income for publishers and promoters . However, user displeasur

The pervasive nature of ad fraud poses a significant challenge to the digital advertising industry. This comparative analysis examines the diverse methods employed by fraudsters and reveals their effects on advertisers, publishers, and consumers. By contrasting various fraudulent practices across different platforms and geographies, this study aims